Code of Practice for Foundations – RESISTANCE TO SLIDING, UPLIFT AND OVERTURNING

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1.1.1                            RESISTANCE TO SLIDING, UPLIFT AND OVERTURNING

  • General

The foundations shall be so designed and constructed to fulfil the requirements given in this clause.

(2)                   Design Based on Highest Anticipated Groundwater Table

Where the design is based on the highest anticipated groundwater table, a building or structure shall be so designed and constructed such that:

  • the resistance to the sliding force acting thereon shall be at least 1.5 times the sliding force due to any loads;
    • the resistance to the uplift force acting thereon shall be at least 1.5 times the uplift force due to any loads; and
    • the resistance to the overturning moment acting thereon shall be at least 1.5 times the overturning moment due to wind loads, 1.5 times the overturning moment due to groundwater and 2 times the overturning moment due to loads other than wind loads and groundwater.

(3)                   Design Based on Highest Possible Groundwater Table

Where the design is based on the highest possible groundwater table, a building or structure shall be so designed and constructed such that:

  • the resistance to the sliding force acting thereon shall be at least equal to the sum of 1.1 times the sliding force due to groundwater and 1.5 times the sliding force due to other loads;
    • the resistance to the uplift force acting thereon shall be at least equal to the sum of 1.1 times the uplift force due to groundwater and 1.5 times the uplift force due to other loads; and
    • the resistance to the overturning moment acting thereon shall be at least equal to the sum of 1.5 times the overturning moment due to wind loads, 1.1 times the overturning moment due to groundwater and 2 times the overturning moment due to loads other than wind loads and groundwater.

(4)                   Resistance

The resistance to the sliding force shall be calculated as the sum of the sliding resistance due to the minimum dead loads plus that due to any permitted sliding resistance.

The resistance to the uplift force shall be calculated as the sum of the downward force due to the minimum dead loads plus that due to any permitted anchorage resistance.

The resistance to the overturning moment shall be calculated as the sum of the stabilizing moment due to the minimum dead loads plus that due to any permitted anchorage resistance.

The minimum dead loads should be taken as the weight of the structural elements plus the weight of any permanent finishes and backfill. In the dead load calculations, conservatively assumed values or the actual thickness and densities of the finishes and the backfill should be used. Finishes and backfill that could be removed should be ignored in the calculations.

(5)                   Special Considerations for Marine Structures

Marine structures should also be designed and constructed such that the resistance to sliding, uplift and overturning satisfies the requirements of acceptable standards or codes of practice for design of maritime structures, such as “Port Works Design Manual” published by Civil Engineering and Development Department.

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